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Migration and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bioretention systems with different media:

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-024-1802-9

摘要：

● Bioretention systems showed > 92% load reduction rates of PAHs.

关键词： Bioretention     Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons     HYDRUS-1D     Model simulation     Migration    

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Hydrologic and water quality performance of alaboratory scale bioretention unit

Jun Xia, Hongping Wang, RichardL. Stanford, Guoyan Pan, Shaw L. Yu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1011-5

摘要： A bioretention unit (BRU) or cell is a green infrastructurepractice that is widely used as a low impact development (LID) techniquefor urban stormwater management. Bioretention is considered a goodfit for use in China’s sponge city construction projects. However,studies on bioretention design, which incorporates site-specific environmentaland social-economic conditions in China are still very much needed.In this study, an experimental BRU, consisted of two cells plantedwith and ,was tested with eighteen synthesizedstorm events. Three levels (high, median, low) of flows and concentrationsof pollutants (TN, TP and COD) were fed to the BRU and the performanceof which was examined. The results showed that the BRU not only delayedand lowered the peak flows but also removed TN, TP and COD in variousways and to different extents. Under the high, medium and low inflowrate conditions, the outflow peaks were delayed for at least 13 minutesand lowered at least 52%. The two cells stored a maximum of 231 mmand 265 mm for turf grass and respectively. For both cells the total depth available for storagewas 1,220 mm, including a maximum 110 mm deep ponding area. The largestinfiltrate rate was 206 mm/h for both cells with different plants.For the eighteen events, TP and COD were removed at least 60% and42% by mean concentration, and 65% and 49% by total load, respectively.In the reservoir layer, the efficiency ratio of removal of TN, TPand COD were 52%, 8% and 38%, respectively, within 5 days after runoffevents stopped. Furthermore, the engineering implication of the hydrologicaland water quality performances in sponge city construction projectsis discussed.

关键词： Bioretention unit     Spongecity     Stormwater runoff     Peak reduction     Pollutant removal    

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Hydrologic experiments and modeling of two laboratory bioretention systems under different boundary conditions

Ruifen Liu, Elizabeth Fassman-Beck

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0951-5

摘要： Hydrologic performance of bioretention systems is significantly influenced by the media composition and underdrain configuration. This research measured hydrologic performance of column-scale bioretention systems during a synthetic design storm of 25.9 mm, assuming a system area:catchment area ratio of 5%. The laboratory experiments involved two different engineered media and two different drainage configurations. Results show that the two engineered media with different sand aggregates were able to retain about 36% of the inflow volume with free drainage configuration. However, the medium with marine sand is better at delaying the occurrence of drainage than the one with pumice sand, denoting the better detention ability of the former. For both engineered media, an underdrain configuration with internal water storage (IWS) zone lowered drainage volume and peak drainage rate as well as delayed the occurrence of drainage and peak drainage rate, as compared to a free drainage configuration. The USEPA SWMM v5.1.11 model was applied for the free drainage configuration case, and there is a reasonable fit between observed and modeled drainage-rates when media-specific characteristics are available. For the IWS drainage configuration case, air entrapment was observed to occur in the engineered medium with marine sand. Filling of an IWS zone is most likely to be influenced by many factors, such as the structure of the bioretention system, medium physical and hydraulic properties, and inflow characteristics. More research is needed on the analysis and modeling of hydrologic process in bioretention with IWS drainage configuration.

关键词： Bioretention     Hydrologic process     Underdrain configuration     SWMM     Modeling    

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A critical literature review of bioretention research for stormwater management in cold climate and future

Hannah Kratky, Zhan Li, Yijun Chen, Chengjin Wang, Xiangfei Li, Tong Yu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0982-y

摘要： Bioretention is a popular best management practice of low impact development that effectively restores urban hydrologic characteristics to those of predevelopment and improves water quality prior to conveyance to surface waters. This is achieved by utilizing an engineered system containing a surface layer of mulch, a thick soil media often amended with a variety of materials to improve water quality, a variety of vegetation, and underdrains, depending on the surrounding soil characteristics. Bioretention systems have been studied quite extensively for warm climate applications, but data strongly supporting their long-term efficacy and application in cold climates is sparse. Although it is apparent that bioretention is an effective stormwater management system, its design in cold climate needs further research. Existing cold climate research has shown that coarser media is required to prevent concrete frost from forming. For spring, summer and fall seasons, if sufficient permeability exists to drain the system prior to freezing, peak flow and volume reduction can be maintained. Additionally, contaminants that are removed via filtration are also not impacted by cold climates. In contrary, dissolved contaminants, nutrients, and organics are significantly more variable in their ability to be removed or degraded via bioretention in colder temperatures. Winter road maintenance salts have been shown to negatively impact the removal of some contaminants and positively impact others, while their effects on properly selected vegetation or bacteria health are also not very well understood. Research in these water quality aspects has been inconsistent and therefore requires further study.

关键词： Bioretention     Cold climate     Low impact development     Stormwater    

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Life cycle assessment of low impact development technologies combined with conventional centralized water systems for the City of Atlanta, Georgia

Hyunju Jeong, Osvaldo A. Broesicke, Bob Drew, Duo Li, John C. Crittenden

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0851-0

摘要： Hybrid system of LID technologies and conventional system was examined. Bioretention areas, rainwater harvesting, and xeriscaping were considered. Technology feasibility was simulated for land use and population density. Synergistic effects of technologies were quantified in defined zones. Uncertainty test was conducted with pedigree matrix and Monte Carlo analysis. Low-impact development (LID) technologies, such as bioretention areas, rooftop rainwater harvesting, and xeriscaping can control stormwater runoff, supply non-potable water, and landscape open space. This study examines a hybrid system (HS) that combines LID technologies with a centralized water system to lessen the burden on a conventional system (CS). CS is defined as the stormwater collection and water supply infrastructure, and the conventional landscaping choices in the City of Atlanta. The study scope is limited to five single-family residential zones (SFZs), classified R-1 through R-5, and four multi-family residential zones (MFZs), classified RG-2 through RG-5. Population density increases from 0.4 (R-1) to 62.2 (RG-5) persons per 1,000 m . We performed a life cycle assessment (LCA) comparison of CS and HS using TRACI 2.1 to simulate impacts on the ecosystem, human health, and natural resources. We quantified the impact of freshwater consumption using the freshwater ecosystem impact (FEI) indicator. Test results indicate that HS has a higher LCA single score than CS in zones with a low population density; however, the difference becomes negligible as population density increases. Incorporating LID in SFZs and MFZs can reduce potable water use by an average of 50% and 25%, respectively; however, water savings are negligible in zones with high population density (i.e., RG-5) due to the diminished surface area per capita available for LID technologies. The results demonstrate that LID technologies effectively reduce outdoor water demand and therefore would be a good choice to decrease the water consumption impact in the City of Atlanta.

关键词： Life cycle assessment (LCA)     Low impact development (LID)     Bioretention area     Rainwater harvesting     Xeriscaping    

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Can floor-area-ratio incentive promote low impact development in a highly urbanized area?

Ming Cheng, Huapeng Qin, Kangmao He, Hongliang Xu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-1002-y

摘要： As an environmental friendly measure for surface runoff reduction, low impact development (LID) has been applied successfully in urban areas. However, due to high price of land and additional expense for LID construction in highly urbanized areas, the developers of real estate would not like to proceed LID exploitation. Floor area ratio (FAR) refers to “the ratio of a building’s total floor area to the size of the piece of land upon which it is built.” Increasing FAR indicates that the developers can construct higher buildings and earn more money. By means of awarding FAR, the developers may be willing to practice LID construction. In this study, a new residential district is selected as a case study to analyze the trade-off between the runoff reduction goal achieving by LID practices and the incentive of awarding FAR to promote LID construction. The System for Urban Stormwater Treatment and Analysis IntegratioN (SUSTAIN) model is applied to simulate the runoff reduction under various LID designs and then derive the Pareto-optimal solutions to achieve urban runoff reduction goals based on cost efficiency. The results indicates that the maximum surface runoff reduction is 20.5%. Under the extremity scenarios, the government has options to award FAR of 0.028, 0.038 and 0.047 and the net benefits developers gain are 0 CNY, one million CNY and two million CNY, respectively. The results provide a LID construction guideline related to awarding FAR, which supports incentive policy making for promoting LID practices in the highly urbanized areas.

关键词： Low impact development     Runoff reduction     Incentive     Floor area ratio     SUSTAIN(System for Urban Stormwater Treatment and Analysis IntegratioN)    

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DSM in an area consisting of residential, commercial and industrial load in smart grid

Balasubramaniyan SARAVANAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 211-216 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0351-0

摘要： With the latest introduction of the demand side management (DSM) in smart grids, the power distribution units are able to modify the load schedules of the consumers. This involves a co-operative interaction of the utility and the consumers so as to achieve customer load modifications in which the customer, utility and society all are benefited. The interaction is performed with the help of the devices known as the smart meter. This paper shows the use of game theory and logical mathematical expressions in order to achieve the objectives. The objectives are to minimize the peak to average ratio (PAR) and the energy cost. The outcome of the game between supplier and customers helps to shape the load profile. The design proposed in this paper is very user-friendly and is based on simple logarithmic programming computations. In this paper, residential, commercial and industrial types of loads are taken into account. A basic 24 h load schedule along with the fluctuating prices at each hour of the day is forecasted by the supplier of the various shiftable and non-shiftable loads and then that schedule is conveyed to the user. The users are encouraged to shift their high load devices to off-peak hours which will not only reduce their electricity costs but also substantially reduce the PAR in the load demand.

关键词： demand side management (DSM)     smart grids     peak to average ratio (PAR)     smart meters and logarithmic price function    

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Efficient controller area network data compression for automobile applications

Yu-jing WU,Jin-Gyun CHUNG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第16卷 第1期   页码 70-78 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400136

摘要： Controller area networks (CANs) have been designed for multiplexing communication between electronic control units (ECUs) in vehicles and many high-level industrial control applications. When a CAN bus is overloaded by a large number of ECUs connected to it, both the waiting time and the error probability of the data transmission are increased. Thus, it is desirable to reduce the CAN frame length, since the duration of data transmission is proportional to the frame length. In this paper, we present a CAN message compression method to reduce the CAN frame length. Experimental results indicate that CAN transmission data can be compressed by up to 81.06% with the proposed method. By using an embedded test board, we show that 64-bit engine management system (EMS) CAN data compression can be performed within 0.16 ms; consequently, the proposed algorithm can be successfully used in automobile applications.

关键词： Controller area network (CAN)     Electronic control units (ECUs)     Data compression     Signal rearrangement    

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Simulation model based on Monte Carlo method for traffic assignment in local area road network

Yuchuan DU, Yuanjing GENG, Lijun SUN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 195-203 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0032-3

摘要： For a local area road network, the available traffic data of traveling are the flow volumes in the key intersections, not the complete OD matrix. Considering the circumstance characteristic and the data availability of a local area road network, a new model for traffic assignment based on Monte Carlo simulation of intersection turning movement is provided in this paper. For good stability in temporal sequence, turning ratio is adopted as the important parameter of this model. The formulation for local area road network assignment problems is proposed on the assumption of random turning behavior. The traffic assignment model based on the Monte Carlo method has been used in traffic analysis for an actual urban road network. The results comparing surveying traffic flow data and determining flow data by the previous model verify the applicability and validity of the proposed methodology.

关键词： traffic assignment     local area road network     turning ratio     Monte Carlo method    

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Upgrade of three municipal wastewater treatment lagoons using a high surface area media

John WANG, Peng JIN, Paul L. BISHOP, Fuzhi LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 288-293 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0280-z

摘要： Lagoon-based municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are facing difficulties meeting the needs of rapid population growth as well as the more stringent requirements of discharge permits. Three municipal WWTPs were modified using a high surface area media with upgraded fine-bubble aeration systems. Performance data collected showed very promising results in terms of five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD ), ammonia (NH ) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal. Two-year average ammonia effluents were 4.1 mg·L for Columbia WWTP, 4 mg·L for Larchmont WWTP and 2.1 mg·L for Laurelville WWTP, respectively. Two- year average BOD effluents were 6.8, 4.9 and 2.7 mg·L , and TSS effluents were 15.0, 9.6 and 7.5 mg·L . The systems also showed low fecal coliform (FC) levels in their effluents.

关键词： wastewater lagoons     wastewater biological treatment     ammonia removal     high surface area media     fine bubble aeration    

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Fundamental characteristics of gas hydrate-bearing sediments in the Shenhu area, South China Sea

Xin LYU, Qingping LI, Yang GE, Junlong ZHU, Shouwei ZHOU, Qiang FU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 367-373 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0714-z

摘要： The basic physical properties of marine natural gas hydrate deposits are important to the understanding of seabed growth conditions, occurrence regularity, and occurrence environment of natural gas hydrates. A comprehensive analysis of the core samples of drilling pressure-holding hydrate deposits at a depth of 1310 m in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea was conducted. The experimental results indicate that the particle size in the hydrate sediment samples are mainly distributed in the range from 7.81 µm to 21.72µm, and the average particle size decreases as the depth of the burial increases. The X-ray CT analytical images and surface characteristics SEM scan images suggest that the sediment is mostly silty clay. There are a large number of bioplastics in the sediment, and the crack inside the core may be areas of hydrate formation.

关键词： natural gas hydrate     Shenhu area     reservoirs characteristics    

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颗粒物面源模式计算方法

谷清,杨新兴,李云生

《中国工程科学》 2005年 第7卷 第1期   页码 41-44

摘要：

对颗粒物面源模式做了深入研究，确定了颗粒物粒子面源开始沉降的位置。颗粒物粒子在面源内部不考虑沉降问题，面源源块内颗粒物浓度等于单位面积污染物源强与地面反射系数之积除以地面风速。面源源块外面开始考虑粒子沉降，采用虚点源后置法，参考颗粒物点源的部分反射倾斜烟云模式，全面给出了面源的颗粒物模式。面源边缘浓度采用线性内插方法处理，以免计算结果不连续。面源中心点位置应该在水平x，y方向平移一个微小距离，以消除计算点和面源中心点重合的可能。

关键词： 大气环境     颗粒物     面源模式     计算方法    

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Initial impacts of rain gardens’ application on water quality and quantity in combined sewer: field-scale experiment

Isam Alyaseri, Jianpeng Zhou, Susan M. Morgan, Andrew Bartlett

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0988-5

摘要： Green infrastructures such as rain gardens can benefit onsite reduction of stormwater runoff, leading to reduced combined sewer overflows. A pilot project was conducted to evaluate the impact of rain gardens on the water quality and volume reduction of storm runoff from urban streets in a combined sewer area. The study took place in a six-block area on South Grand Boulevard in St. Louis, Missouri. The impact was assessed through a comparison between the pre-construction (2011/2012) and the post-construction (2014) phases. Shortly after the rain gardens were installed, the levels of total suspended solids, chloride, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, zinc, and copper increased. The level of mercury was lower than the detection level in both phases. was the only parameter that showed statistically significant decrease following the installation of rain gardens. The likely reason for initial increase in monitored water quality parameters is that the post-construction sampling began after the rain gardens were constructed but before planting, resulted from soil erosion and wash-out from the mulch. However, the levels of most of water quality parameters decreased in the following time period during the post-construction phase. The study found 76% volume reduction of stormwater runoff following the installation of rain gardens at one of studied sites. Statistical analysis is essential on collected data because of the encountered high variability of measured flows resulted from low flow conditions in studied sewers.

关键词： Rain gardens     Bioretention     Combined sewer     Stormwater quality and quantity    

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Genotoxicity evaluation of surface waters located in urban area of Xi’an City using

Yongjun LIU, Aining ZHANG, Xiaoyan MA, Xiaochang WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第6期   页码 860-866 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0462-3

摘要： In this study, micronucleus (MCN) and chromosome aberration (CA) tests in root tip cells were carried out in order to assess the water quality and the comprehensive genotoxic potential of surface waters located in the urban area of Xi’an City, China. For these evaluations, water samples from different surface waters (four rivers, two lakes, two biological treatment plant effluents) were collected, the ultra-pure water and methyl methanesulfonate solution was used as the negative and positive control, respectively. In our results, highly significant differences in MCN permillage (average number of micronuclei per 1000 cells), CA frequencies and PI (pollution index) values were found among three rivers and two WWTP effluents, the tested samples from two rivers caused the decrease of mitotic index over 22% compared with the negative control. No significant changes were observed in micronuclei and chromosome aberrations frequencies at one river and two lakes during the period of test (wet season). These results point out a poor state of the water quality and genotoxic activity of the main surface waters in Xi’an City. It is recommended to establish a monitoring program for the presence of genotoxic agents in these surface waters.

关键词： genotoxicity     surface water     evaluation     Vicia faba    

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Load shedding scheme for the two-area system with linear quadratic regulator

D. TYAGI, Ashwani KUMAR, Saurabh CHANANA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 90-102 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0224-8

摘要： The power system is prone to many emergency conditions which may lead to emergency state of operation with decay in the system frequency. The dramatic change in the frequency can result in cascaded failure of the system. In order to avoid power system collapse, load shedding (LS) schemes are adopted with the optimal amount of load shed. This paper proposed a methodology in a two-area thermal-thermal system for finding the required amount of load to be shed for setting the frequency of the system within minimum allowable limits. The LS steps have been obtained based on the rate of change of frequency with the increase in load in steps. A systematic study has been conducted for three scenarios: the scheme with a conventional integral controller; the scheme with a linear quadratic regulator (LQR); and the scheme with an LQR and superconducting magnetic energy storage devices (SMES). A comparison of the results has been presented on the two-area system.

关键词： critical load     frequency response     load shedding (LS)     multi-area system     rate of change of frequency     linear quadratic regulator (LQR)     superconducting magnetic energy storage devices (SMES)    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Migration and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bioretention systems with different media:

期刊论文

Hydrologic and water quality performance of alaboratory scale bioretention unit

Jun Xia, Hongping Wang, RichardL. Stanford, Guoyan Pan, Shaw L. Yu

期刊论文

Hydrologic experiments and modeling of two laboratory bioretention systems under different boundary conditions

Ruifen Liu, Elizabeth Fassman-Beck

期刊论文

A critical literature review of bioretention research for stormwater management in cold climate and future

Hannah Kratky, Zhan Li, Yijun Chen, Chengjin Wang, Xiangfei Li, Tong Yu

期刊论文

Life cycle assessment of low impact development technologies combined with conventional centralized water systems for the City of Atlanta, Georgia

Hyunju Jeong, Osvaldo A. Broesicke, Bob Drew, Duo Li, John C. Crittenden

期刊论文

Can floor-area-ratio incentive promote low impact development in a highly urbanized area?

Ming Cheng, Huapeng Qin, Kangmao He, Hongliang Xu

期刊论文

DSM in an area consisting of residential, commercial and industrial load in smart grid

Balasubramaniyan SARAVANAN

期刊论文

Efficient controller area network data compression for automobile applications

Yu-jing WU,Jin-Gyun CHUNG

期刊论文

Simulation model based on Monte Carlo method for traffic assignment in local area road network

Yuchuan DU, Yuanjing GENG, Lijun SUN

期刊论文

Upgrade of three municipal wastewater treatment lagoons using a high surface area media

John WANG, Peng JIN, Paul L. BISHOP, Fuzhi LI

期刊论文

Fundamental characteristics of gas hydrate-bearing sediments in the Shenhu area, South China Sea

Xin LYU, Qingping LI, Yang GE, Junlong ZHU, Shouwei ZHOU, Qiang FU

期刊论文

颗粒物面源模式计算方法

谷清,杨新兴,李云生

期刊论文

Initial impacts of rain gardens’ application on water quality and quantity in combined sewer: field-scale experiment

Isam Alyaseri, Jianpeng Zhou, Susan M. Morgan, Andrew Bartlett

期刊论文

Genotoxicity evaluation of surface waters located in urban area of Xi’an City using

Yongjun LIU, Aining ZHANG, Xiaoyan MA, Xiaochang WANG

期刊论文

Load shedding scheme for the two-area system with linear quadratic regulator

D. TYAGI, Ashwani KUMAR, Saurabh CHANANA

期刊论文